Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home
about the project
Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration (2009), Malene Nors Tardrup
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
Replacement Migration - Make Yourself at Home (2009)
The project Replacement Migration are portraits from the 21st century focuses on the cultural transformation and exchange taking place when people move from one culture to another. With this exhibition, I want to elucidate changing identities and reflect on connections, differences and common dilemmas in the meeting between ‘us’ and ‘them’. Through photo, text and sound I portray people from Europe living in the Arab world and people from the Arab world living in Europe.
The exhibition consists of 34 portraits of ‘average’ men and women aged 20-65. They represent 16 different nationalities and reside in 11 different major cities in the Middle East and Europe. All the participants have grown up in their country of birth, and because they have come to their new homelands as adults, they have brought their own cultural backgrounds with them.
Replacement Migration seek to stimulate reflection and curiosity in an attempt to view the experience of being a stranger from new angles or to challenge prevalent ideas about the familiar and the unknown. The work focuses on themes such as affiliation and cultural alienation, and they should be considered in light of the fact that we live in an age with new borders, new enemy images, new taboos and new frameworks of hospitality.
The project Replacement Migration are portraits from the 21st century focuses on the cultural transformation and exchange taking place when people move from one culture to another. With this exhibition, I want to elucidate changing identities and reflect on connections, differences and common dilemmas in the meeting between ‘us’ and ‘them’. Through photo, text and sound I portray people from Europe living in the Arab world and people from the Arab world living in Europe.
The exhibition consists of 34 portraits of ‘average’ men and women aged 20-65. They represent 16 different nationalities and reside in 11 different major cities in the Middle East and Europe. All the participants have grown up in their country of birth, and because they have come to their new homelands as adults, they have brought their own cultural backgrounds with them.
Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home seek to stimulate reflection and curiosity in an attempt to view the experience of being a stranger from new angles or to challenge prevalent ideas about the familiar and the unknown. The work focuses on themes such as affiliation and cultural alienation, and they should be considered in light of the fact that we live in an age with new borders, new enemy images, new taboos and new frameworks of hospitality. Visually as well, the project is based on an anthropological approach, since I depict these people and their stories in the environments they live in. In the photos we meet the persons, partly in public spaces to which they have a special relation or where they feel particularly at home and partly in their homes, in the private sphere they have created in the foreign culture. For some, it is important to make the home a safe and familiar base while others seek refuge in the public spaces of the city. The project raises the question of how a new identity is formed, at home and abroad, mentally as well as physically. Where and how does the stranger find relations, peace and tranquillity of mind in a new city, in a different culture? When the people portrayed open their homes to us and show us part of their living rooms and the life that unfolds in them, it gives us, as viewers, a close look into the personal way they have become integrated in a new culture.
Each portrait consists of two renditions of the same person along with a short text written by the person in question, briefly describing the experience of penetrating the surface of an unfamiliar city, getting to know it and making it one\’s own. Texts and photos, then, seek to create a complex image of the individual person in the hope that the multiplicity and variation of the portraits will be able to contribute to a better understanding between the Arabs and the Europeans and help break down the categories of ‘them’ and ‘us’.
The people I have portrayed have shown me great hospitality and been most obliging right from the start. Just as I am grateful that they have been willing to let a stranger into their homes with an obtrusive camera, they have appreciated the project which they have felt spoke up for them.
With this exhibition I want to provide a perspective on what it is like to be a stranger, but a perspective that is wider than what you usually find, e.g. in relation to the immigration controversy in the Danish public. Generally, the project Replacement Migration constitutes a portrait that does not focus on foreign immigrants in a given country and the prejudices and reservations this could involve, but rather seeks to focus on the individual person and the experience of being a stranger.
Om værket
Projektet Replacement Migration er portrætter fra det 21.århundrede og fokuserer på den kulturelle transformation og udveksling, der finder sted, når mennesker flytter fra én kultur til en anden. Med udstillingen ønsker jeg at belyse identitet under forandring og reflektere over sammenhænge, forskelligheder og fælles dilemmaer i mødet mellem “os” og “dem”. Gennem fotografi, tekst og lyd skildrer jeg mennesker fra Europa bosat i den arabiske verden og folk fra den arabiske verden bosat i Europa.
Projektet Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home fokuserer på den kulturelle transformation og udveksling, der finder sted, når mennesker flytter fra én kultur til en anden. Med udstillingen ønsker jeg at belyse identitet under forandring og reflektere over sammenhænge, forskelligheder og fælles dilemmaer i mødet mellem “os” og “dem”. Gennem fotografi, tekst og lyd skildrer jeg mennesker fra Europa bosat i den arabiske verden og folk fra den arabiske verden bosat i Europa.
De 34 portrætter er af en ‘menigmand/-kvinde’ i aldersgruppen 20-65 år. De repræsenterer 16 forskellige nationaliteter, bosiddende i 11 forskellige storbyer i henholdsvis Mellemøsten og Europa. Alle de medvirkende er opvokset i deres fødeland, og da de først er flyttet til deres nye hjemland som voksne har de således deres kulturelle baggrund med i bagagen.
Replacement Migration prøver at åbne op for eftertanke og nysgerrighed i et forsøg på at anskue det at være fremmed fra en anden vinkel eller udfordre gængse forestillinger om det velkendte og det ukendte. Værket fokuserer på temaer som tilhørsforhold og kulturel fremmedgjorthed og skal ses i lyset af, at vi lever i en tid med nye grænser, nye fjendebilleder, nye tabuer og nye rammer for gæstfrihed.
På det formelle plan tager projektet afsæt i en art antropologisk undersøgelse, hvor jeg afbilleder personer og deres historier i de miljøer, de lever i. På fotografierne møder vi dels personerne på offentlige steder, hvor de føler sig særligt hjemme eller som de har et specielt tilhørsforhold til, og dels i deres hjem, i den private sfære de har skabt sig i den fremmede kultur. For nogle er det vigtigt at gøre hjemmet til en tryg og velkendt base, mens andre snarere søger tilflugt i byens offentlige rum. Projektet forsøger at rejse spørgsmål om, hvordan en ny identitet skabes, ude og hjemme, mentalt og fysisk? Hvor og hvordan finder den fremmede relationer, ro og sjælefred i en ny by, i en anderledes kultur? Ved at disse mennesker åbner deres hjem og fremviser en del af deres dagligstue og det liv, der udspiller sig i den, får vi som betragtere et intimt indblik i de portrætteredes personlige måde at integrere sig i en ny kultur på.
Hvert portræt består altså af to fremstillinger af samme person samt en kort tekst, forfattet af den portrætterede selv, der kort beskriver oplevelsen af at trænge igennem overfladen på en fremmed by, lære den at kende og gøre den til sin. Tekst og fotografi tilstræber således at skabe et sammensat billede af den enkelte person, med en forhåbning om at portrætterne via deres mangfoldighed og variation er med til at skabe en bedre forståelse for “araberne” og “europæerne” og bidrage til at nedbryde kategorierne “dem” og “os”.
I løbet af projektets tilblivelse er jeg blevet mødt med en utrolig imødekommenhed og gæstfrihed af de personer, som jeg har portrætteret. Lige som jeg er taknemmelig over, at de ville lukke en nysgerrig fremmed ind i deres hjem med et påtrængende kamera, har de portrætterede påskønnet projektet, som de følte talte deres sag.
Med udstillingen ønsker jeg at tilvejebringe et bredere perspektiv på det at være fremmed, end det man oftest oplever – f.eks. i den danske offentlighed i forbindelse med indvandrerdebatten. Samlet set udgør projektet Replacement Migration – make Yourself at Home et portræt, som ikke fokuserer på “de fremmede” i et givent land og de fordomme og forbehold dette kunne indebære, men i stedet fokuserer på det enkelte menneske og det at være fremmed.
afterword
By Malene Nors Tardrup, 2013
In light of the Arab ‘ spring ‘ and especially of the long civil war in Syria, my studies and experiencer of places in the Middle East has undeniably been put in a strong perspective that was not in sight when I was working on the Replacement Migration project from 2005-2009. Since then, the political situation have changed radically in the Middle East.
In light of the Arab ‘ spring ‘ and especially of the long civil war in Syria, my studies and experiencer of places in the Middle East has undeniably been put in a strong perspective that was not in sight when I was working on the Replacement Migration project from 2005-2009. Since then, the political situation have changed radically in the Middle East.
In light of the Arab ‘ spring ‘ and especially of the long civil war in Syria, my studies and experiencer of places in the Middle East has undeniably been put in a strong perspective that was not in sight when I was working on the Replacement Migration project from 2005-2009. Since then, the political situation have changed radically in the Middle East.
The very beginning of the huge changes in the Arab world\’s political climate, was The Arab Spring, which began with demonstrations in Tunisia on December 18th, 2010 when the unemployed university graduate Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire after the police confiscated his vegetable cart, which he tried to support himself and his family with by selling fruit and vegetables. Bouazizi ‘s story illustrates very well what has triggered the Arab Spring: Rising food prices, increased unemployment and generally poorer living conditions. All problems which the seated authoritarian regimes were not able to resolve, and therefor they lost legitimacy among the population. The uprisings have (alt efter at dømme) been spontaneous and popular, and have quickly spread to other countries in the Arab world. Besides Tunisia, mass demonstrations and riots have been taken place in Algeria, Egypt, Syria, Bahrain, Libya and Yemen. Likewise, smaller or related demonstrations occurred in Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Oman, Djibouti, Sudan, Morocco, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Senegal, Western Sahara and on the border of Israel.
Many of these countries I have either visited or are countries from which some of the people I\’ve portrayed originally come from. Every time there are new stories – good and bad – from these places, I feel a \’stab in the heart\’, either of joy or of concern for the population\’s and the democracy\’s behalf. A reasons for this affect may possibly be, that the sites and their stories have become a part of my life too.
The consequences of the Arab Spring has so far been, that the Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali has resigned the 14 January 2011 and sought exile in Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah II of Jordan replaced on 9 February 2011 Prime Minister Samir Rifai with Marouf al-Bakhit and given the task to implement democratic reforms in the country. The Egypt’s President Hosni Mubarak resigned on 11 February 2011 after 18 days of violent protests and uprisings in the country. Dictator Muammar Gaddafi was killed in October 2011. The Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has left the 27 February 2012. The Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has promised to repeal the state of emergency, which the state has been governed by since 1992 and the royal family in Bahrain has promised dialogue and democratic reforms. As part of the Arab Spring, the public demonstrations started in Syria on 15 March 2011. This evolved into a nationwide uprising that led to the ongoing civil war. According to the UN, more than 100,000 people have lost their lives in the conflict and more than 3 million people will be fleeing Syria by the end of this year. I assume, that many of the Europeans I portrayed in Syria have become refugees because of Bashar al-Assad ‘s regime mass bombing of Aleppo and (suspected) chemical attack against several suburbs of Damascus.
I still have contact with some of the people I met on my journeys. Those I’m not in contact with, I often think of. Are they alive? How are they and their families doing? Are they returned home, moved or fled? How has the Arab Spring affected their daily lives and lives in general?
efterord
af Malene Nors Tardrup, 2013
I lyset af det arabiske forår og især af den lange borgerkrig i Syrien, er mine undersøgelser og oplevelser af steder i Mellemøsten unægteligt blevet sat i stærkt perspektiv, som ikke var til at øjne dengang jeg arbejdede pa? Replacement Migration projektet i perioden 2005-2009. Siden da, har den politiskesituationen i Mellemøsten ændret sig radikalt.
I lyset af det arabiske forår og især af den lange borgerkrig i Syrien, er mine undersøgelser og oplevelser af steder i Mellemøsten unægteligt blevet sat i stærkt perspektiv, som ikke var til at øjne dengang jeg arbejdede pa? Replacement Migration projektet i perioden 2005-2009. Siden da, har den politiskesituationen i Mellemøsten ændret sig radikalt.
Startskudet for de omfattende forandringer i den arabiske verdens politiske klima, var Det Arabiske Forår, som begyndte med demonstrationer i Tunesien den 18. december 2010, da den arbejdsløse akademiker Mohamed Bouazizi satte ild på sig selv efter at, politiet havde beslaglagt hans grøntsagsvogn. Bouazizi’s historie illustrerer meget vel, hvad er udløste Det Arabiske Forår: Øget arbejdsløshed, stigende fødevarepriser og generelt ringere levevilkår. Alt sammen problemer, de siddende autoritære regimer ikke var stand til at løse, hvorfor de mistede legitimitet hos befolkningerne. Opstandene har alt efter at dømme været spontane og folkelige og har spredte sig hurtigt videre til andre lande i den arabiske verden. Udover Tunesien har massedemonstrationer og opstande fundet sted i Algeriet, Egypten, Syrien, Bahrain, Libyen og Yemen. Ligeledes er mindre eller relaterede demonstrationer forekommet i Mauretanien, Saudi-Arabien, Jordan, Oman, Djibouti, Sudan, Marokko, Iran, Irak, Kuwait, Libanon, Senegal, Vestsahara og ved Israels grænse. Mange af disse lande har jeg enten besøgt i forbindelse med projektet eller er lande, hvorfra nogle af de mennesker jeg har portrætteret oprindeligt kommer fra. Hvergang der er nye beretninger – gode som dårlige – fra disse steder, føler jeg et ”stik i hjertet”, enten af glæde eller bekymring på befolkningens og demokratiets vegne. En af årsagerne dertil er, at stederne og deres historier også er blevet til en del af mit liv.
Følgerne af Det Arabiske Forår har indtil nu været at, Tunesiens præsident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali er gået af den 14. januar 2011 og har søgt i eksil i Saudi-Arabien. Diktator Muammar Gaddafi er blevet dræbt i oktober 2011. Egyptens præsident Hosni Mubarak er gået af. Kong Abdullah den 2. af Jordan har udskiftet premierminister Samir Rifai med Marouf al-Bakhit og givet denne til opgave at gennemføre demokratiske reformer i landet. Yemens præsident Ali Abdullah Saleh er ga?et af den 27. februar 2012. Algeriets præsident Abdelaziz Bouteflika har lovet at ophæve undtagelsestilstanden som landet har været underlagt siden 1992 og Kongehuset i Bahrain har lovet dialog og demokratiske reformer. Som en del af Det Arabiske Fora?r, startede de offentlige demonstrationer i Syrien den 15. marts 2011. Dette udviklede sig til en landsdækkende opstand, der førte den igangværende borgerkrig. Ifølge FN har mere end 100.000 mennesker mistet livet i konflikten og over 3 millioner mennesker vil inden a?rets udgang været flygtet fra Syrien. Blandt de mange syrier der er flygtet, antager jeg, at mange af de europæer jeg portrætterede i Syrien også? er blevet flygtninge på grund af Bashar al-Assad regimes gennembombning af Aleppo og (formåede) kemisk angreb mod en række forstæder til Damaskus.
Jeg har stadig kontakt med nogle af de folk jeg mødte på mine mellemøstlige og europæiske rejser. Dem jeg ikke er i kontakt med, tænker jeg tit på. Er de i live? Hvordan har de og deres familier det? Er de hjemrejst, flyttet eller flygtet? Hvordan har Det Arabiske Forår påvirket deres liv og hverdag?
Tak til Statens Kunstråd for støtte til udstilling og bog, rejselegat fra Center for Kultur og Udvikling (CKU/DCCD ) og ophold på Det Danske Institut i Damaskus.
exhibitions
Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home (2009)
overgaden – museet for samtidskunst
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
Replacement Migration (2009), Overgaden - Institute of Contemporary Art
immigrantmuseet
Replacement Migration (2009) Immigrantmuseet
Replacement Migration (2009) Immigrantmuseet
Replacement Migration (2009) Immigrantmuseet
Replacement Migration (2009) Immigrantmuseet
Replacement Migration (2009) Immigrantmuseet
podcast
En Anden Verden – Radio 24syv, 4. juli 2016, af Ea Ørum: I fem år besøgte hun europæere, der havde immigreret til Mellemøsten, og omvendt. Hun rejste som en nomade og portrætterede ”det fremmede”. Malene Nors Tardrup er billedkunstner og begyndte sit projekt i Cairo i 2005 lige efter Muhammedkrisen. Under sit projekt Migration Replacement oplevede hun, at det, som hun var blevet fortalt, hun skulle frygte, modstanden, hadet til danskerne – ikke fandtes. Den ikke-historie fandt hun også ud af var svær at fortælle, for historien om, hvor farligt det hele var, syntes folk var mere spændende.
about the book
Replacement Migration – Make Yourself at Home (2009)
A living room is not just a living rooom. The aesthetics of displacement
By Marie Bruun Yde
An empty mosque courtyard and a woman on a balcony, as seen through a nonchalantly decorated room. A golf course and a woman in a living room with Oriental patterns on the furniture and the carpet. A bar crammed with things and people and a man in a sparsely furnished room, the walls almost bare. A carousel on a square and a family in a living room with carpets on the floor and big sofas. A museum with glass cases and a man in a correctly stylish black-and-white living room.
An empty mosque courtyard and a woman on a balcony, as seen through a nonchalantly decorated room. A golf course and a woman in a living room with Oriental patterns on the furniture and the carpet. A bar crammed with things and people and a man in a sparsely furnished room, the walls almost bare. A carousel on a square and a family in a living room with carpets on the floor and big sofas. A museum with glass cases and a man in a correctly stylish black-and-white living room.
In Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st Century, with photography and text as medium and migrants as subjects, Malene Nors Tardrup presents a number of juxtapositions of public and private spaces. The persons portrayed are located in the private sphere from where they comment on the public sphere – in small texts they have written on their favourite places – and so they are encapsulated between city and home, community and individuality. Both spheres serve as channels for alleviation of homesickness as well as a means to connect with the new culture. The work elucidates the link between places and identities, investigating the aesthetic dimension of migration as a social experience. Focussing on personal life-world, interior decorating and navigation in the city, the work turns our attention to the creative aspects facilitated by migration. The work, then, formulates a roaming, displaced aesthetics that gives form to the experience of exile.
Primarily, Malene Nors Tardrup\’s series of images presents the positive side to immigration and a group of people you hear very little about. Here, the immigrant is not presented as a tragic victim who is either assimilated or rejected by his or her new culture. On the contrary, voluntary exile is an instance of the migration that unfolds somewhere in the borderland between transmission of memories and stories from the country of origin and inscriptions into the new culture. Critically-theoretically speaking, you could accuse the work of beautifying and falsely idealizing an otherwise rather problematic theme. Precisely the fact that the work insists on not crying out about failed integration and conflicting values, however, involves a strong critical point. Rather than conflict, undermining and counter-culture, this work thematizes negotiation, production and affirmation, questioning what happens when cultures change place: How do immigrants affect, and how are they in turn affected by, cultural de-localization and re-localization? What happens between people and things, life and space? What happens when aesthetics migrate?
The home
In the nomadic world of globalization, many people identify with several cultures and cities. Voluntary immigrants consider the new culture a possibility and clearly experience a wide range of nuances between integration and segregation, assimilation and maladjustment.
Private homes contain a number of everyday things and signs (furniture, television, phones, drapes, slippers, indoor palm trees, bric-a-brac, kitchen utilities etc.) that can be read as and traced to experiences and conversions of the surrounding culture as well as the culture that has been brought along. The tendency seems to be that older immigrants who have presumably lived relatively long in their new country, have decorated their homes predominantly in accordance with the new culture\’s interior design, while younger immigrants usually decorate their homes in a more casual makeshift manner without noticeable personal touches or particular characteristics.
The arrangement and decoration of the home discloses the subjective dimensions of movement and arrival, displacement and localization, at home and abroad, memory and change. Otherness can either be kept at a distance as something foreign, strange and intruding, or it can be embraced as a transformative, affirmative and productive quality. Or, it can be confronted in the public sphere, while the expression of the private space is less significant, almost neutral. We do not know the histories of the persons portrayed, but we might guess that those who are less preoccupied with their private homes have other, more important points of identification and that they will soon move on again, perhaps.
Identity is connected to public and private space. Whereas the public space in its alleged significance is open for everyone, the private remains separate and self-made. The former is discovered and selected, you move about in it, while the latter is inhabited and manipulated directly. Because the home is open for traces, it can be used as a place to manifest an individual cultural identity. Identity is used in the present, but it includes a piece of the past and refers to a desired future. The home constitutes a discontinuous web of places, inspiring and orienting themselves back and forth in time, in relation to earlier and future actions.
And yet the home, secluded and invisible to other people, can also involve isolation, as suggested by the loneliness in the pictures – only in a few of the photos are the persons accompanied by children. At the same time, however, loneliness is indicated as a common predicament. The pictures are rather connected by similarities than by differences: being alone and being a stranger is permeated with interhuman connections.
The city
The tendency in the choice of favourite places is that European emigrants in the Arab world prefer quiet public places where they can find peace of mind, while Arab emigrants in Europe are most fond of lively, social environments in public space, such as bars. ”If there is nobody in paradise I will prefer hell”, says Alex who was born and raised in Palestine and now lives in Germany. Several of the Europeans, however, emphasize public space as a meeting place, ”a circus, a movie theatre, even a cabaret” (Jacques, France/Damascus, Syria).
In their consistent presentation of particular, single rooms, chosen by the individual persons, the photos suggest another rendition of the metropolis than the one we are familiar with from much 20th century visual art where modern, urban people are engulfed by the chaos of the city, loose all sense of direction and do not know what to do with themselves. What is illustrated here, is rather the hospitable side of the city, and the persons find it easy to point out the places they frequent and associate with something personal. Tudor, who is from England and lives in Amman, Jordan, can only say that he finds it hard to summarize what is special about the country, in just one place.
The design of the project and the depicted, often more regulated and peaceful than tumultuous public spaces, point to a peaceable, affirmative interplay with the city in which something unfamiliar can be turned into something familiar. Urban space is designed and controlled, but this does not necessarily mean that it is devoid of poetry. The favourite places serve as bearings with a specific or magical meaning in a system of reference and orientation that supports our attempts to place ourselves.
The city is codified as a mutant, with or without memory, in which private ego and collective culture can meet in mutual narration and transformation. ”The city goes soft”, says British writer Jonathan Raban of this psychological, plastic formation of urbanity and storytelling produced by the reception of the city.” The city as we imagine it, the soft city of illusion, myth, aspiration, nightmare, is as real, maybe more real, than the hard city one can locate on maps in statistics, in monographs on urban sociology and demography and architecture.” In this perspective, the city becomes a mental construction of inconstant appearances where individuality and sense of community are not necessarily opposites and displacement is not necessarily associated with resistance.
Aestheticizing reality
Malene Nors Tardrup\’s photos are prosaic, but they also have a certain colourful and spellbinding touch. Assuming a position somewhere between artistic and documentary photography, these pictures draws the outside world into art, aestheticizing the retrieval of concrete, empirical materials and experiences. This creates a kaleidoscopic, enticing effect of elegant compositions, colour harmonies and patterns that render the depicted reality sensual and tangible. These photos – Malene Nors Tardrup refers to them as ’poetic documentarism’ – are neither interpretations nor transformations of what they depict, but visual stagings that clearly present a mediated reality.
The question is whether poetic documentarism is guilty of aestheticizing reality and thus reproduces what it rejects? The danger involved is the danger of preserving the culture of migration in a picture postcard. Contrary to this susceptibility, however the work formulates a critique of precisely the sort of conservatism that insists on a particular kind of (negative) conflict and thereby ignores the complexity of reality.
Emphasizing the relational, processual and contextual elements, photography is employed as a means to elucidate everyday experiences. ”Arguably, this growth strategy concerns the re-enchantment of everyday life by way serializing it, by way of considering the images of everyday life a reservoir of unknown possibilities, thereby emphasizing elements of our everyday surroundings that habits and conventions have rendered invisible”, writes Mette Sandbye, historian of photography. Malene Nors Tardrup utilizes this tradition, but at the same time she uses photographic staging to add a narrative frame that enhances the picture\’s experiential aspects. In this respect, the photos seek to transcend the stabilized objects in order to shed light on the constant activity of poetic imagination. This way, then, the form of the photos reflects the explored content: The role of aesthetic practices in cultural commitment.
The photos refer to an aesthetic experience that involves much more that merely beautiful objects and the pleasure of seeing. It is not so much a question of the city and the home as such, but rather a question of how people make sense of the world by arranging it physically and navigating in it. Culture mediates material and immaterial significance, and the dynamics of culture allows us to project personal and imaginary ideas into it, to disassociate us from our immediate surroundings and to create other worlds. The city, the home and the photography turn into statements about what is possible. Cultures on the move (also) formulate a constructive aesthetics of action. Migrants do not just reproduce, they also create culture. The aesthetics of displacement is something that happens.
En stue er ikke bare en stue. Deplaceringens æstetik
Af Marie Bruun Yde
En tom moskegård og en kvinde siddende på en balkon set igennem et nonchalant indrettet værelse. En golfbane og en kvinde i en stue med orientalske mønstre på møbler og gulvtæppe. En bar fyldt med ting og mennesker og en mand i et sparsomt møbleret værelse med næsten nøgne vægge. En karrusel på et torv og en familie i en dagligstue med gulvtæpper og store sofaer. Et museum med glasmontrer og en mand i en stilig sort-hvid dagligstue.
En tom moskegård og en kvinde siddende på en balkon set igennem et nonchalant indrettet værelse. En golfbane og en kvinde i en stue med orientalske mønstre på møbler og gulvtæppe. En bar fyldt med ting og mennesker og en mand i et sparsomt møbleret værelse med næsten nøgne vægge. En karrusel på et torv og en familie i en dagligstue med gulvtæpper og store sofaer. Et museum med glasmontrer og en mand i en stilig sort-hvid dagligstue.
Med fotografi og tekst som medium og migranter som subjekter præsenterer Malene Nors Tardrup i Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st Century en række parvise sammenstillinger af offentlige og private rum. De portrætterede personer befinder sig i det private og kommenterer det offentlige rum – i små, selvforfattede tekster om deres yndlingssteder – og indkapsles dermed imellem byen og hjemmet, fællesskabet og individualiteten. Begge sfærer fungerer som kanaler for såvel lindring af hjemve som anknytning til den nye kultur. Værket belyser forbindelsen mellem steder og identiteter og undersøger den æstetiske dimension af migrationens sociale erfaring. Med fokus på den personlige livsverden, indretning af boligen og navigation i byen vendes opmærksomheden mod de kreative aspekter, som migration faciliterer. Således formulerer værket en rejsende, forskubbet, deplaceret æstetik, som giver form til eksiloplevelser.
Malene Nors Tardrups billedserie fortæller først og fremmest om den positive side af indvandringen og de mennesker, man ikke hører så meget om. Migranten fremstilles her ikke som et tragisk offer, der enten assimileres eller afvises af sin nye kultur. Tværtimod eksemplificerer den frivillige landflygtighed den migration, der befinder sig et sted imellem overlevering af tidligere minder og historier fra herkomstlandet og indskrivninger i den nye kultur. Fra en kritisk-teoretisk vinkel kunne man anklage værket for at male et skønmaleri af et ellers problemfyldt tema. Men netop det, at værket insisterer på ikke at råbe op om værdikamp og fejlslagen integration, indebærer i sig selv en stærk, kritisk pointe. Snarere end konflikt, undergravning og modkultur tematiserer værket forhandling, produktion og affirmation og stiller spørgsmål til, hvad der kan ske, når kultur skifter sted: Hvordan påvirker og påvirkes migranter af kulturel delokalisering og relokalisering? Hvad sker der mellem mennesker og ting, liv og rum? Hvorledes migrerer æstetik?
Hjemmet
I globaliseringens nomadiske verden identificerer mange mennesker sig med flere kulturer og byer. De frivillige migranter opfatter den nye kultur som en mulighed og oplever tydeligvis et stort register af nuancer mellem integration og segregation, assimilation og utilpassethed.
I de private hjem findes en række hverdagslige ting og tegn (møbler, fjernsyn, telefoner, forhæng, tøfler, stuepalmer, nips, køkkenmaskiner og så videre), som kan læses og spores tilbage til oplevelser og omdannelser af både den medbragte og omgivende kultur. Tendensen synes at være, at de lidt ældre, som må formodes at have boet i deres nye land igennem længere tid, har indrettet deres hjem overvejende i overensstemmelse med den nye kulturs interiørdesign, mens de yngre gerne bor i mere tilfældigt, interimistisk indrettede boliger uden større personlig prægning og bestemte egenskaber.
Indretningen i og dekorationen af hjemmet synliggør de subjektive dimensioner af bevægelse og ankomst, deplacering og lokalisering, ude og hjemme, erindring og forandring. Andetheden kan enten holdes på afstand som udenlandsk, fremmed og indtrængende eller omfavnes som transformativ, affirmativ og produktiv. Eller den konfronteres i det offentlige rum, mens det private rums udtryk er mindre væsentligt, nærmest neutralt. Vi kender ikke de portrætteredes historie, men kan gætte på, at de, som gør mindre ud af de hjemlige omgivelser, har andre, vigtigere identifikationspunkter, måske snart flytter igen.
Identitet knytter sig både til det offentlige og det private rum. Mens det offentlige i sin angivelige betydning er åbent og for alle, er det private adskilt og mere selvskabt. Det ene opdages og udvælges, man bevæger sig i det, det andet bebos og bearbejdes direkte. Åbent for spor kan hjemmet være brugbart til at manifestere individuel kulturel identitet. Identitet bruges i nutiden, men inkluderer et stykke af fortiden og refererer til en begæret fremtid. Hjemmet former et diskontinuerligt net af steder, som inspirerer og orienterer sig bagud og fremad i tiden, mod tidligere og fremtidige handlinger.
Usynligt for og afsondret fra andre mennesker kan hjemmet dog også indebære isolation, hvilket billedernes ensomhed – kun på få billeder får personerne selskab af børn – antyder. Ensomheden udpeges dog samtidig som et fælles vilkår. Det er snarere ligheder end forskelle, der forbinder billederne: Alenehed og fremmedhed gennemtrænges af mellemmenneskelige sammenhænge.
Byen
Tendensen i valget af yndlingssteder vil, at migranterne fra Europa i den arabiske verden foretrækker stille steder i det offentlige rum, hvor de kan søge hen for at få ro, mens migranterne fra den arabiske verden i Europa holder mest af livlige, sociale offentlige rum, for eksempel barer. ”If there is nobody in paradise I will prefer hell” konstaterer Alex, som er født og opvokset i Palæstina og nu bor i Berlin, Tyskland. Flere af europæerne fremhæver dog også det offentlige rum som mødested, scene, ”a circus, a movie theatre, even a cabaret” (Jacques, Frankrig/Damascus, Syrien).
Med den konsekvente præsentation af et enkelt, særligt rum udvalgt af hver person, foreslår fotografierne en anden fremstilling af storbyen end den, vi ellers kender fra meget af det 20. århundredes billedkunst, hvor det moderne storbymenneske drukner i det urbane kaos, mister orienteringen og ikke ved, hvad det skal gøre af sig selv. Her anskueliggøres i stedet byens gæstfrie side, og personerne har let ved at udpege steder, som de frekventerer og har personlige associationer til. Tudor, der er fra England og bor i Amman i Jordan, kommenterer blot, at det er svært at sammenfatte, hvad der for ham er specielt ved landet, på bare ét sted.
Projektets udformning og de afbildede, ofte mere regulerede og fredsommelige end tumultariske offentlige rum, udpeger et fordrageligt, bekræftende samspil med byen, hvor det ukendte kan vendes til noget velkendt. At byrummet er designet og kontrolleret behøver ikke at betyde, at det mister poesi. Yndlingsstederne fungerer som pejlemærker med en specifik eller magisk virkning i et referencesystem, som vi kan orientere os efter, og som støtter vores forsøg på at placere os.
Byen kodes som en mutant med og uden hukommelse, hvor jegets privathed og den kollektive kultur kan mødes i gensidig narration og transformation. ”Byen bliver blød”, beskriver den britiske forfatter Jonathan Raban denne psykologiske, plastiske urbanitetsdannelse og historiefortælling, som receptionen af byen producerer. ”Byen, som vi forestiller os den, den bløde by af illusioner, myter, aspirationer, mareridt, er lige så virkelig, måske mere virkelig, end den hårde by, man kan lokalisere på kort i statistik, i monografier om urban sociologi og demografi og arkitektur.” Set i denne optik bliver byen til en tankekonstruktion af foranderlige fremtrædelsesformer, hvor individualitet og fællesskab ikke nødvendigvis udgør en modsætning og deplacering ikke nødvendigvis synes modstandsfyldt.
Æstetisering af virkeligheden
Malene Nors Tardrups fotografier er prosaiske og har dog et farvestrålende, fortryllende skær over sig. Et sted imellem artistisk og dokumentaristisk fotografi trækker billederne omverdenen ind i kunsten og æstetiserer indsamlingen af konkret, empirisk materiale og erfaring. Virkningen er en kalejdoskopisk, besnærende verden af elegante kompositioner, farveharmonier og mønstre, som gør den afbildede virkelighed sanselig og stoflig. Fotografierne, af Malene Nors Tardrup selv kaldet ’poetisk dokumentarisme’, hverken fortolker eller omformer det, de gengiver, men iscenesætter motiverne visuelt og viser afgjort en medieret virkelighed.
Spørgsmålet er, om en poetisk dokumentarisme foretager en æstetisering af virkeligheden, der kommer til at reproducere det, den ønsker at tage afstand fra?
Faren er at konservere migrationskulturen i et glansbillede. Modsat en sådan tilbøjelighed formulerer værket dog netop en kritik – med omvendt fortegn – af den konservatisme, der fastholder én bestemt form for (negativ) konflikt og dermed negligerer virkelighedens kompleksitet.
Med vægten på det relationelle, processuelle og kontekstuelle bruges fotografiet til at tydeliggøre hverdagslivserfaringer. ”Denne værkstrategi kan siges at handle om at genfortrylle hverdagen gennem en serialisering af den, at betragte hverdagslivets billeder som et reservoir for ukendte muligheder og således pege på dele af vores hverdagslige omgivelser, som vaner og konventioner har usynliggjort” , skriver fotohistorikeren Mette Sandbye. Malene Nors Tardrup gør brug af denne tradition, men anvender samtidig den fotografiske iscenesættelse til at tilføre billedet en fortællingsmæssig ramme, der forstærker dets oplevelsesmæssige aspekter. I den forstand forsøger fotografierne at komme ud over de stabiliserede objekter og belyse, hvordan den poetiske forestillingsevne hele tiden arbejder. På den måde spejler fotografiernes form det udforskede indhold: Æstetiske praksissers rolle for kulturelt engagement.
Fotografierne referer til æstetisk erfaring som meget mere end smukke objekter og nydelsen ved at se. Det handler ikke så meget om byen og hjemmet i sig selv som om, hvordan folk får verden til at give mening gennem den fysiske indretning af og navigering i den. Kulturen medierer materiel og immateriel betydning, og dens dynamik tillader os at projicere personlige, imaginære forestillinger ind i den, løsrive os fra de umiddelbare omgivelser og producere andre verdener. Byen, hjemmet og fotografiet bliver således til udsagn om, hvad der er muligt. Kulturer på farten formulerer (også) en konstruktiv handlingsæstetik. Migranterne reproducerer ikke bare, men skaber kultur. Den deplacerede æstetik sker.
Three seedlings
By Kristina Valborg Valberg
There are three seedlings that stick out of the ground and twine together when looking Malene Nors Tardrupís photograph of Rajah and her kitchen garden. The migrants in Malene Nors Tardrupsí portrait series Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st century have all been portrayed both in their homes and in their favorite public or outdoor place.
There are three seedlings that stick out of the ground and twine together when looking Malene Nors Tardrupís photograph of Rajah and her kitchen garden. The migrants in Malene Nors Tardrupsí portrait series Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st century have all been portrayed both in their homes and in their favorite public or outdoor place.
Rajah is a Moroccan woman living in Copenhagen. Her favorite outdoor place is her little herbal garden that she can see from her apartment window. She and her family spend a lot of time in the garden and in many ways it is her private oasis. In her own words: ìIt is like a small world in itself.
In Rajahís living room is a large carpet that almost covers the entire floor. The carpet design is fairly simple considering some of the more extravagant designs that you see in the countless carpet stores around Middle Eastern towns. Rajahís carpet has a dark blue color in the centre and along the border there is a gold and blue meander pattern followed by a broad creamy white border. Rajah sits at the far end of her couch with a kind Mona Lisa smile, wearing a pink scarf that corresponds with the pink blanket lying across the armrest. On her feet is a pair of typical Moroccan leather slippers with pointed toes. And beneath them the carpet.
Rug and carpet motifs are not random decorations. It is said that every carpet is a personal letter that the weaver has composed. It can be a sad or joyous letter or a foreseeing of fertility or prosperity. The motifs also represent an important document and reflect the signs of social lives, economic structures and aesthetic norms of the period in which they have been woven.
The most common carpet design has a geometric repertoire and is built up from variations and combinations of meanders, polygons, crosses and stars. Quite intricate but still harmonious. The geometry found in the carpets is similar to geometry of the Islamic garden. The vocabulary of both is drawn from descriptive verses of paradise gardens in the Quran and Hadith An Islamic garden follows several guidelines: they all have an inward orientation. Walls or hedges enclose them all. Originally this was due to the rough and often futile conditions in which the gardens were planted. The function of the garden was initially an oasis and accordingly all Islamic gardens have water and the plants are normally placed in squares surrounding the water. There are walkways along the water normally leading to a basin in the middle of the garden, which in carpet imagery is the polygonal figure in the center of the rug.
The Islamic garden has been a great inspiration to the Christian monastery garden. The monastery garden was a micro cosmos ñ a model of paradise ñ too, that the monks cultivated with great effort. A monastery garden normally consisted of three main gardens, the infirmary garden which provided medicines for the infirmary, the orchard, and kitchen gardens, both of which provided food (although many herbal preparations would have been made from plants in these gardens as well).
Monastery gardens in the Middle Ages were a true source of herbal medicine and in them were grown herbs such as cinnamon and cumin from seeds that the Arabs had brought with them. Almost every convent had a garden and an infirmary. So not only did the Arabs bring their religion to Europe but also their herbs and the knowledge of how to put them to use. The Christian monks used this knowledge and didnít dismiss it as the accomplishments of heretics.
Medieval monks, like modern day gardeners, took pleasure in the beauty as well as the function of plants. Sometimes fruit trees and berry bushes were planted through the graveyard so that the space had two qualities ñ usefulness and beauty.
Rajahís personal paradise is placed in the middle of a dreary and rough building block from the 1970s. A wooden fence surrounds her garden and in it are paths that enclose rectangular pieces of plot. On a tree stump is a ceramic pot with a large aloe plant and on the opposite rectangle is a tall tree with a large crown that provides shade for the plants beneath it. Every inch of Rajahs rectangular gardens is filled with different plants, some need more care than others and in the flowerbed at the front of the photograph little seedlings pop out of the soil.
Rajahís personal and vigorous interpretation of the Arab garden brings to mind the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett called The Secret Garden from 1910. The tittle refers to a famous arabic, erotic poem from the 15th century about an overgrown and forgotten garden behind a large brick wall. The sickly, sour-faced little girl Mary Lennox finds the garden and together with her relative, the similarly ill boy Colin, they tend to it and as it begins to thrive so do they. The garden is their cure. A place where they can retreat and forget their mournings and the hunch backed caretaker, Colinís father and the servants who keep secrets from them. All ends well thanks to the clandestine wonders of the garden.
To capture, in one decisive moment, this desirable state of wellness, where everything is good and no harm can come to you, one will need a camera.
The moment when Rajah is photographed in her living room surrounded by her plants sitting in the paisley patterned couch. Click. The rectangular gardens with the aloe plant, the herbs and the little plants waiting for spring. Click. Another blissfull moment that could be captured on film is the monks in the monastery gardens in the Middle Ages. Click. Blissful moments transfixed for all eternity.
Photography wouldnít have been possible without the Arabs. The Arab scientist Abu Ali Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was the first to build a camera obscura around 1000 AD. The camera obscura is basically a box with a hole in one end. Light passes through the hole and strikes a surface where the scene is reproduced, in color, and upside-down. The image can be projected onto paper, which can produce a high fidelity representation. Developing in a darkroom is a long and somewhat tedious process. First, you have to have a completely lightproof room where you can remove the film without it being exposed to light. Then you put the film on another reel and into a canister with a particular chemical solution. From the canister there is a long way to the final developed photograph where you at last have captured a spellbinding moment on paper.
The process of taking and developing a photographis somewhat similar to growing plants and herbs in a garden or weaving a carpet. The picking out of threads, and from there setting the size of the final carpet, choosing the pattern and slowly but steadily watching a motif appear. Taking a seed, putting it carefully into the soil in a place where the light is at its optimum. Watering, fertilizing, removing weeds around the seedling and finally watching it grow till it stands tall and proud in the garden only to wither later on and then maybe reappearing the next summer.
Tre spirer
Af Kristina Valborg Valberg
Der titter tre spirer op af jorden og væver sig sammen, når man ser på Malene Nors Tardrups portræt af Rajah og hendes urtehave. Immigranterne i Malene Nors Tardrups portrætserie Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st Century er alle blevet fotograferet i deres bolig samt på det offentlige eller udendørs sted, de holder mest af i deres nye hjemland.
Der titter tre spirer op af jorden og væver sig sammen, når man ser på Malene Nors Tardrups portræt af Rajah og hendes urtehave. Immigranterne i Malene Nors Tardrups portrætserie Replacement Migration – Portraits from the 21st Century er alle blevet fotograferet i deres bolig samt på det offentlige eller udendørs sted, de holder mest af i deres nye hjemland.
Rajah er en marokkansk kvinde, der bor i København. Udendøre er hendes yndlingssted den lille urtehave, som hun kan se fra sit køkkenvindue. Hun og hendes familie tilbringer meget tid i haven og den er på mange måder hendes private oase. Eller som hun siger: ”Haven er en lille verden i selv.”
I Rajahs dagligstue er der et stort tæppe, der næsten dækker hele gulvet. Mønsteret på tæppet er meget enkelt, sammenlignet med de opulente tæpper, man ser i de utallige tæppeforretninger i mellemøstlige og nordafrikanske byer. Rajahs tæppe er dybblåt i midten og langs kanten er der en meanderbort i blåt og gyldent, rammet ind af en bred, cremefarvet bort. Rajah sidder i den ene ende af sin sofa og smiler Mona Lisa-agtigt. Hun er iført et rosa tørklæde, der matcher plaiden over armlænet. På fødderne har hun et par typiske marokkanske tøfler med spidse snuder. Neden under dem igen ligger tæppet.
Mønstre på tæpper og løbere er ikke bare tilfældige dekorationer. Man siger, at ethvert tæppe er et personligt brev, som væveren har komponeret. Brevet kan være trist eller glædesfyldt, eller det kan udtrykke et ønske om frugtbarhed eller rigdom. Motiverne er også vigtige dokumenter over det sociale liv, de økonomiske strukturer og æstetiske normer, der har hersket i den periode, tæpperne er blevet til.
De mest almindelige former for ornamentik er variationer over et geometrisk repertoire og er opbygget af modulationer og kombinationer af meanderborte, polygoner, kors og stjerner. Ganske komplicerede, men dog harmoniske mønstre. Geometrierne i ægte, arabiske tæpper er identiske med geometrierne i en islamisk have. Både haver og tæpper trækker på et vokabular, der stammer fra de poetiske beskrivelser af Paradis i Koranen og i Hadith.
En muslimsk have følger adskillige regler: Den skal være orienteret indad og er altid omkranset af mure eller hække. Oprindeligt havde det en helt praktisk årsag, da haver ofte blev anlagt i ganske rå og golde omgivelser. Haven skulle således fungere som en oase, og derfor skal der helst løbe vand i en muslimsk have, ligesom beplantningen skal være arrangeret i firkantede bede langs vandet. Stier skal lede fra vandet mod et bassin i midten af haven, der rent geometrisk svarer til den polygonale figur, som ofte findes i centrum af et arabisk tæppe.
Islamiske haver har været inspirationskilde til de kristne klosterhaver. Klosterhaven var også et mikrokosmos – en model af paradis – som munkene dyrkede med stor omhu. En klosterhave bestod normalt af tre større haver: en have med lægeplanter til klostrets sygeafdeling, en frugthave og en urtehave, der forsynede klostret med fødevarer (selvom vækster fra frugt- og køkkenhave også blev brugt i medicinske miksturer).
Middelalderens klosterhaver var altså et væsentligt grundlag for den samtidige urtemedicin. I haverne dyrkede man også krydderier som kanel og spidskommen af frø, arabere havde bragt til klostrene. Næsten ethvert kloster havde sin egen lægehave og urtegård.
Således bragte araberne ikke blot deres religion til Europa, men også deres urter og deres viden om, hvordan de skulle anvendes. De kristne munke anvendte denne viden og afviste den ikke som vanhellig. Middelalderens munke fandt desuden stor glæde, ikke blot i planternes anvendelse, men også i deres skønhed. For eksempel kunne man finde på at plante frugttræer og bærbuske rundt om en kirkegård for at gøre stedet både attraktivt og smukt.
Rajahs private paradis er placeret midt mellem rå og triste boligblokke fra 1970erne. Haven er omgivet af et træstakit, og der er et geometrisk system af gangstier mellem de rektangulære bede. På en træstub står en krukke med en stor aloe vera-plante, og i bedet overfor er et højt træ med en stor krone, der giver skygge til planterne nedenunder. Hver kvadratcentimeter i Rajahs have er fyldt med forskellige planter, nogle mere krævende end andre, og i blomsterbedet forrest på fotoet ser man små spirer på vej op af jorden.
Rajahs personlige og frodige fortolkning af den arabiske have får én til at tænke på romanen Den hemmelige have af Frances Hodgson Burnett fra 1910. Titlen refererer til et berømt arabisk, erotisk værk fra 1500-tallet og handler om en overgroet og glemt have bag en kolossal murstensmur. Den svagelige og mutte lille pige, Mary Lennox, opdager haven, og sammen med sin slægtning, den lige så svagelige dreng, Colin, opsøger hun den. Da haven begynder at blomstre op, gør børnene det sammen. Haven kurerer dem som et sted, hvor de kan trække sig tilbage og glemme deres sorger; Colins strenge og pukkelryggede far og tjenestefolkene, der skjuler hemmeligheder for dem. Alt ender godt, takket være havens hemmelige mirakler. Denne ideale tilstand, hvor alt er godt, og intet ondt kan ramme én, eksisterer kun i fotografiske øjeblikke. Øjeblikket hvor Rajah bliver fotograferet i sin dagligstue, omgivet af planter og siddende i en sjalsmønstret sofa. Klik. Den rektangulære have med aloe vera-planten, krydderurterne og den lille plante, der venter på at springe ud. Klik. Endnu et lyksaligt øjeblik kunne være munkene i de middelalderlige klosterhaver. Klik. Et lykkeligt sekund indfanget i et evigt øjeblik.
Fotografiet ville ikke have været muligt uden araberne. Den arabiske videnskabsmand Abu Ali Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham var den første, der byggede et camera obscura i ca. år 1000 f.kr. Et camera obscura er egentlig bare en kasse med et hul i den ene ende. Lys passerer gennem hullet og rammer indersiden af kassen, hvor sceneriet udenfor bliver gengivet, på hovedet. Motivet kan projiceres over på papir, der bliver belyst til en højopløselig gengivelse af det afbilledede. At fremkalde i mørkekammer er en lang og møjsommelig proces. Først skal man have et fuldstændig mørkt rum, hvor man kan fjerne filmen fra kameraet uden at udsætte den for lys. Dernæst putter man filmen over på en anden spole og i en fremkaldertank med en speciel fremkaldervæske. Fra fremkaldertanken er der igen lang vej til det endeligt fremkaldte fotografi, hvor man omsider har indfanget et magisk øjeblik på papir.
Processen med at tage og at fremkalde et fotografi minder således om at dyrke planter og urter i en have eller at væve et tæppe. At udvælge trådene og bestemme størrelsen på det endelige tæppe, og omhyggeligt opbygge et mønster og se motivet langsomt men stødt tage form. At tage et frø og putte det i jorden på et sted, hvor lysforholdene er optimale; at vande, gøde, luge omkring spiren og til sidst se den vokse og gro indtil den står høj og stolt i haven for blot at falme og visne og måske komme frem igen næste sommer.
Replacement Migration
By Phillipa Mishlawi
When Malene approached me to participate in her project “Replacement Migration” and explained the reasons behind it I was in a way propelled into thinking deeply about what had drawn me to remain in once place for so long. I moved to Lebanon 33 years ago knowing very little about it, but had noticed that when anyone in the 1970s mentioned Beirut, they would get this dreamy faraway look in their eyes.
When Malene approached me to participate in her project “Replacement Migration” and explained the reasons behind it I was in a way propelled into thinking deeply about what had drawn me to remain in once place for so long. I moved to Lebanon 33 years ago knowing very little about it, but had noticed that when anyone in the 1970s mentioned Beirut, they would get this dreamy faraway look in their eyes.
When I came to Lebanon it was witnessing sadness and suffering, such hatred and love; a place so steeped in culture it was overwhelming; a place where I stayed and called home, where the people are passionate, kind, irritatingly stubborn, religious, resilient and extremely hospitable. The only time I ever felt I was unwelcome was when I married my husband and was accused of stealing one of the few remaining eligible bachelors. I was firmly told to go back home and marry one of my own kind!
I have embraced my new culture yet retained my own identity with the encouragement of my husband. When I had newly arrived I strived to become just like the Lebanese until my husband said, “If I had wanted a Lebanese wife I could have married one. Please don’t change.” So I have been lucky not to have been pressured into adopting a totally new identity.
Living in Lebanon, which is a deeply political and religious society is a stark contrast to my other “home”. When I was growing up I was always told “one never discusses politics or religion” so it was quite a shock to be in a society where they are the main topics of conversation and even more of a shock to be asked my opinion. I am still forming one.
I am very happy to call Lebanon home and I get BWS (Beirut withdrawal symptoms) when I leave. I still yearn for my family, whom I miss more and more as I get older; I yearn for the smell of the English countryside, the sound of a cuckoo and the daffodils in the spring. But I am fortunate that my other love –the sea – is a glimpse away. I feel close to my two families then, as it is the one connection that I have with them both. I feel that if I can see the sea just once a day I am at peace.
Replacement Migration
Af Phillipa Mishlawi
Da Malene spurgte mig, om jeg kunne tænke mig at deltage i Replacement Migration, og forklarede mig baggrunden for projektet, slyngede det mig på en måde ud i nogle dybe overvejelser omkring, hvad der egentlig havde fået mig til at blive boende det samme sted så længe. Jeg flyttede til Libanon for 33 år siden stort set uden at kende noget til landet. Dengang i 1970\’erne havde jeg bare lagt mærke til, at folk altid fik et drømmende, fjernt udtryk i øjnene, hvis de nævnte Beirut.
Da Malene spurgte mig, om jeg kunne tænke mig at deltage i Replacement Migration, og forklarede mig baggrunden for projektet, slyngede det mig på en måde ud i nogle dybe overvejelser omkring, hvad der egentlig havde fået mig til at blive boende det samme sted så længe. Jeg flyttede til Libanon for 33 år siden stort set uden at kende noget til landet. Dengang i 1970\’erne havde jeg bare lagt mærke til, at folk altid fik et drømmende, fjernt udtryk i øjnene, hvis de nævnte Beirut.
Da jeg kom til Libanon, var det et land præget af sorg og lidelse, af et enormt had og stor kærlighed. Det var et sted, der var så gennemsyret af kultur, at det var helt overvældende, et sted, hvor jeg boede og følte mig hjemme, hvor folk er lidenskabelige, venlige, irriterende stædige, religiøse, ukuelige og ekstremt gæstfrie. Det eneste tidspunkt, hvor jeg følte mig uvelkommen, var da jeg giftede mig med min mand og blev beskyldt for at stjæle en de få tilbageværende gode partier blandt de ugifte mænd. Jeg fik i utvetydige vendinger besked på at rejse hjem og gifte mig med en mand af mit eget folk!
Jeg har taget min nye kultur til mig, men også holdt fast i min egen identitet, hvilket min mand har støttet mig i. Til at begynde med gjorde jeg alt, hvad jeg kunne, for at være så libanesisk som mulig, indtil min mand en dag sagde til mig: “Hvis det var en libanesisk kone, jeg ville have, så kunne jeg jo bare have giftet mig med en libaneser. Du skal ikke lave dig om.” Jeg har altså været heldig ikke at blive presset til at tillægge mig en helt ny identitet.
At bo i Libanon, som er et dybt politisk og stærkt religiøst samfund, står i skarp kontrast til mit andet \”hjemland\”, England. Under min opvækst blev det altid indskærpet, at \”man aldrig skulle diskutere politik eller religion”, så det var noget af et chok for mig pludselig at leve i et samfund, hvor netop religion og politik er de gennemgående samtaleemner, og det var et endnu større chok for mig at blive spurgt om min holdning. Jeg er stadig først ved at danne mig en.
Det er en stor lykke for mig at bo i Libanon, og jeg får altid Beirut-abstinenser, hver gang jeg rejser ud. Jeg længes stadig efter min familie, som jeg er kommet til at savne mere og mere med årene. Jeg længes efter lugten på landet i England, gøgens kuk og påskeliljerne om foråret. Men heldigvis er min anden store kærlighed – havet – kun et øjekast herfra. Når jeg ser ud over havet, føler jeg mig tæt på begge mine familier, fordi det er denne ene forbindelse, jeg har til dem begge. Kan jeg blot se havet en gang om dagen, har jeg fred i sindet.